Monday 9 September 2013

The management of unilateral condylar fractures by Aghabeigi

Virtually no section of maxillofacial trauma stimulates more controversy compared to management of a broken mandibularcondyle. Breaks of the mandibular condyle are thought to account for about 35% of all mandibular breaks, however our experience implies that this is an overestimate.

A recent multicentre national audit inside the UK2reported a suboptimal consequence in around 30% of people together with unilateral condylar crack monitored from the conventional strategies of either closed reduction or observation, however the follow-up period had been short. In the event the conclusions are balanced then this is an unacceptably high complication rate. As a result the particular pendulum has swung towards precise anatomical relocation of the particular broken segments by open reduction in addition to internal fixation (ORIF) in the hope this definitely will enhance outcome.

Although the supporters of both open as well as closed reduction passionately debate the acceptable number of therapy, a review of publications exhibited a paucity of good quality medical explanation to aid both medication.

This kind of prospective study was made to look into the outcome of treatment of unilateral condylar fractures along with ORIF about the theory that this type of treatment may convey superior final results by permitting adaptive strategies to act maximally throughout the restoration period.

Individuals and techniques utilised by Ben Aghabeigi Birmingham

Mature individuals who presented to the particular maxillofacial units at University College London Hospitals and the Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead had been enrolled prospectively.

Based on Aghabeigi dentist just about all patients over 16 years old together with unilateral condylar cracks were reviewed. People that have unilateral condylar fractures and normal occlusions were managed conservatively, by instituting a soft diet for 6 weeks as well as early mobilization. These kinds of patients were not entered into the study.

Patients that had a remote unilateral condylar break and deranged occlusion were put into elastic traction for 7-10 days, the precise time being determined by the date of the next obtainable clinic. Virtually any patient with a deranged occlusion at review had been offered open reduction in addition to internal fixation. It was felt that sufficient time would've elapsed because the original demonstration that compounding variables such as tissue oedema, muscle spasm in addition to effusion or haemarthrosis could have remedied, and that just about any resultant malocclusion had been caused exclusively by condylar malposition.

A second number of patients was additionally employed in to the study. Mature patients that offered deranged occlusion, along with a unilateral displaced as well as dislocated condylar fracture in addition another mandibular fracture which by itself needed osteosynthesis, were supplied ORIF of all crack sites. The standards for offering ORIF of the particular connected condyle were the same as those explained by Eckelt and Rasse, particularly medial dislocation of the condyle ; displaced bone injuries with 95 mm bone overlap; or perhaps complete loss of bone contact.

The particular surgical process applied had been consistent and also five surgeons operated on the patients. Almost all concerned had been either of experts level or had at least 3 years’ registrar experience. Surgical access was by a retromandibular approach, which had been occasionally supplemented with a regular preauricular skin incision. The actual cracks were fixed with 2-mm titanium miniplates.

Outcome measures involved each affected individual being analyzed based on a standard protocol together with standardized radiographic assessment (orthopantomograms and posterior-anterior mandibular radiographs).


The actual end result measures considered to be important were generally similar to those explained comprised:

1. The actual restoration of the preinjury occlusion. This had been examined by the operating surgeon together with questions to the patient.

2. Recovery of ordinary mouth opening in excess of 40 mm. Inter-incisal clearance had been calculated using a Willis gauge.

3. Pain-free mouth opening, that was assessed by asking the particular patients.

4. Full range of mandibular excursions, assessed scientifically by the operating surgeon.

5. Refurbishment of facial along with mandibular symmetry, evaluated clinically through the operating surgeon. We accept that some of the above are usually subjective and also open to inter-operator variation, and therefore criticism, yet on a practical level this was the best we thought that we could attain.


Checking the outcomes with Ben Aghabeigi gdc

A total of 54 consecutive patients was applied for the analysis: 24 had isolated unilateral bone injuries, and the remaining 30 had a synchronous parasymphyseal fracture. Forty-two of the sufferers were males (78%). Thirty-three of the fifty-four sufferers underwent ORIF of their condylar crack along with miniplate osteosynthesis. The rest of the 21 condylar breaks had been treated with elastic traction alone. Absolutely no patient in this latter group had a synchronous mandibular fracture. Absolutely no affected person whose conservative treatment had failed refused ORIF at the 7-10 day appointment.

The actual nomenclature we used to classify the particular subsets of condylar fracture was the same as that proposed by Lindahl: intracapsular, condylar neck or perhaps subcondylar. These kind of fractures were further subdivided by evaluating the relationship of the condylar fragment to the rest of the mandible. This resulted in a subclassification of undisplaced, displaced medially or laterally, over-riding anteriorly or perhaps posteriorly, or complete loss of bony contact. A further subset had also been produced once we looked at the relationship of the condylar head to the glenoid fossa, giving undisplaced, displaced and also dislocated categories.

A branch of the facial nerve had been encountered during 19 retromandibular dissections (35%), which is like the figure offered by Ellis and Dean.With cautious surgical approach and gentle retraction the actual nerve branch might be mobilized with out compromising its performance or even preventing accessibility fracture site. Almost all patients had normally working facial nerves at 1-month review. When it comes to fracture dislocations the retromandibular approach occasionally has to be linked with a standard preauricular way of gain power over the particular condylar fragment and also to aid precise anatomical reduction.

Many authors have combined miniplate osteosynthesis with intermaxillary fixation (IMF). This negates one of the main advantages of ORIF, and contravenes the actual established basic principle of early mobilization to prevent ankylosis. Subsequently our sufferers were not put into wire IMF throughout the postoperative period, but 3 of them (10%) did require guiding elastic traction for the first 10 postoperative days to realize their premorbid stoppage.

Only 32 of 54 sufferers attended pertaining to assessment; such not good compliance isn't uncommon in this band of individuals. Of individuals reviewed 25 had ORIF, and the remaining 7 ended up being treated with elastic traction alone. The particular follow-up period ranged from 1 month to 3 years with a median of 14.5 months. All patients treated with ORIF had good postoperative occlusion assessed each objectively (by clinical examination) along with subjectively (by asking the person how the bite felt). Nineteen individuals (60%) had some extent of mandibular deviation on opening (all 7 in the conservative group and 12/25 in the ORIF group).

However, this was of better concern to the clinicians rather than the sufferers. Two patients (6%) have been left with persistent ache at the condylar fracture site, each of whom were conservatively taken care of.

Oral cavity opening varied between the 2 groups. Inside the ORIF group the actual mean interincisal opening was 42 mm (range 37-52), as well as in the actual elastic traction group the particular mean was thirty-two mm (range 28-36). These figures compare favourably together with those previously reported which showed interincisal clearance to be extensively enhanced in sufferers along with bilateral condylar bone injuries dealt with by ORIF (mean 44 mm) in contrast to IMF (mean 28 mm).

One of several criticisms of ORIF continues to be the amount of time taken to do that procedure in light of the particular constrained access. Even though we taken this in the beginning, with escalating exposure to the tactic our surgical time diminished from a mean of 120 minutes/condyle to 40 minutes/condyle.


Talk together with Dr. Ben Aghabeigi Birmingham

The actual remedy for unilateral condylar breaks continues controversial. There have been several research printed in the world which favour ORIF as there have been that oppose this. Indeed, Hayward and Scott offered much the same conversation described in the American Journal in 1945, debating just this issue. It is our previous experience that an unacceptably large number of patients who had been monitored cautiously have experienced suboptimal purposeful benefits. This particular view has been reinforced in a recently published country wide review. We thus felt it essential to compare outcome in the 2 groups prospectively.

Zide and Kent described their own symptoms with regard to plating condylar cracks, which included displacement of the condyle into the middle cranial fossa, lateral extra-capsular displacement of the condyle, inability to obtain satisfactory reduction employing closed tactics, along with invasion of the joint with a foreign body say for example a gunshot. We now have learned that these kinds of criteria are seldom met in everyday maxillofacial practice, therefore we employed the standards described by Eckelt and Rasse to select who'd be offered ORIF, using the aims of therapy being those previously tagged by Walker.

ORIF of the condyle has not obtained popular popularity with surgeons, since it is perceived to be an arduous and also time-consuming procedure. Our practical experience shows that while there is a relatively steep learning curve we were capable to scale back our working time drastically from 120 minutes to around 40 minutes/condyle.

Surgical access to the condyle was by a retromandibular approach, along with our initial fears of harming the particular facial nerve have not been recognized. This technique offers good accessibility condylar fracture and we have extended its application to include upside down ‘L’ ramus osteotomies and costochondral grafting procedures.

3 of 25 patients (12%) had a transient weakness of the buccal branch of the facial nerve that recoverable fully within 3 weeks. This specific indicates a low incidence of facial nerve morbidity connected with this strategy. The retromandibular incision is associated with good cosmesis as assessed by both patient and also surgeon.

For more information about Behnam Aghabeigi visit here : http://benaghabeigi.co.uk/

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